Changes in the lining of the uterus during the menstrual cycle

The article was consulted professionally by Specialist Ii Huynh Thi Hien – Obstetrician and Gynecologist – Obstetrics and Gynecology Department – Share99 Nha Trang International Health Hub.

Each month the female will menstruate once a month with the manifestation of vaginal blood for 3-7 days. This phenomenon is caused by the peeling of the lining of the uterus. The thickness of the lining of the uterus will vary during each menstrual cycle.

The menstrual cycle is divided into 2 stages:

Pre-ovulation (or Estrogen phase): Is the first stage of each menstrual cycle. At this stage, the lining of the uterus is influenced by the hormone Estrogen, which is calculated from the oncage of menstruation until ovulation, usually about 14 days.

Post-ovulation stage (royal stage or Progesteron stage): At this stage the lining of the uterus is again influenced by the hormone Progesteron. The main body is the rest after ovulation, which is calculated from the beginning of ovulation and self-degeneration until the first day of menstruation of the next cycle.

Stage 1: Pre-ovulation

After menstruation, the lining of the uterus will peel off almost all, with only 1 thin layer left in the 1st tissue, a little more metholine cells at the bottom of the glands. After that, these components will grow rapidly under the effects of the hormone Estrogen and be re-modeled in 4-7 days. The lining of the uterus will thicken again, the glands will stretch along with the development of blood vessels. At the end of this period, the lining of the uterus will be about 3-4mm thicker. The glands of the cervical glands excrete a layer of mucus that forms the channel that leads sperm to move into the cervical. Therefore, around the day of ovulation, the woman will feel an increase in mucus secretion in the vagina

Stage 2: After ovulation

At this stage, not only is it affected by the hormone Estrogen, but is also affected by Progesteron which thickens the endoratometrial rapidly and secretes. The glands are elongated, curved and filled with secrety. Developed and twisted blood vessels provide blood to the developed lining of the uterus. After ovule launch, the lining of the uterus will be about 6-8 mm thick and increase further until menstruation is equivalent to 8-12 mm. This increase gives the lining of the uterus filled with nutrients that provide fertilized eggs when moving into the nesting of the uterus.

When the egg is not fertilized, the body degenerates. Estrogen and Progesteron hormone levels will drop abruptly to very low levels. The amount of blood that provides the lining of the uterus stops causing the endo will atrophy . At this time the lining of the uterus will be thick, usually 12-15mm. After a few days, the entire lining of the uterus will peel off.

Under the contraction effect of the uterus, the detached lining of the uterus is pushed out along with a little fluid and blood. This is menstruation, which usually lasts about 3-5 days. The average blood loss per cycle is 38.13 ± 24.76 ml, and menstrual blood (including blood and water) is non-blood clots .

After the end of menstruation the mucous membranes are reconstructed under the effects of Estrogen. The lining of the uterus plays an important role in conception, since it is the nesting place of the egg after fertilization. Too thick or thin lining of the uterus is also a disadvantage to the nesting and development of the embryo.

According to specialists, if:

The lining of the uterus under 6mm is considered to be a thin lining of the uterus, which will make it difficult to nest during conception. If the conception is successful, the embryo is difficult to develop and nest in the lining of the uterus and the consequences will be premature miscarriage or underdeve developed embryos .

The lining of the uterus is more than 20mm thick: it is also difficult to conceive, since the content of estrogen in the body is redundant causing an imbalance of ostrogen and progesteron, which leads to consequences such as amality, menopause, ovarian polycystic, ovule ejection disorders, embryos that are difficult to nest,…

During the age of birth of the endo <3> <9> thick causes menopause, menstruation, prolonged menstruation,.. During menopause the thick lining of the uterus can cause abnormal bleeding of the uterus. The cause is too much estrogen hormone in the body. This can cause problems related to endometrial pathology including cancer of the uterus .

People with thick linings of the uterus will often be prescribed hormone therapy to reest establish the estrogen-progesterone balance in the body, which increases the fertility of women and normal menstruation. The treatment should be examined and guided by obstetrician and gynecologist.

In addition, women can improve in other ways such as:

• If you are taking estrogen after menopause, women should take it in combination with progestin or progesterone.
• It is advisable to consult a doctor about whether to take drugs containing estrogen and progestin if menstruation is irregular.
• Losing weight to a moderate degree as this can help in the prevention of the risk of increased growth of the lining of the uterus.